A: Nebivolol is a beta-blocker that helps manage essential hypertension (high blood pressure) and stable mild to moderate chronic heart failure. It works by blocking beta-1 receptors, reducing heart rate, and improving blood flow through vasodilation mediated by nitric oxide. This results in lower blood pressure and reduced strain on the heart.

A: The recommended dose for hypertension in adults is 5 mg once daily, preferably at the same time each day, while elderly patients (above 65 years old) or those with renal impairment should start with 2.5 mg once daily, which may be increased to 5 mg if necessary. Patients with chronic heart failure should begin with 1.25 mg once daily, increasing gradually to a maximum of 10 mg daily, based on tolerance. Nebivolol should be taken with or without food, and doses should not be missed or suddenly stopped without consulting a doctor.

A: Nebivolol is contraindicated in patients with severe bradycardia (slow heart rate), second- or third-degree heart block, cardiogenic shock, sick sinus syndrome, severe hepatic impairment, or those who are allergic to any of its components. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should not take Nebivolol, as its safety during pregnancy and lactation has not been established. Patients with certain conditions, such as asthma, diabetes, kidney disease, thyroid disorders, or circulatory problems, should consult their doctor before use.

A: While Nebivolol is generally well-tolerated, some patients may experience common side effects such as headache, dizziness, nausea, fatigue, shortness of breath, and bradycardia (slow heart rate). In rare cases, it may cause hypotension (low blood pressure), swelling, depression, or worsening of pre-existing heart conditions. If any severe side effects, such as fainting, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face and throat, occur, immediate medical attention is required.

A: Nebivolol is metabolized through the CYP2D6 enzyme, and co-administration with paroxetine, fluoxetine, quinidine, or thioridazine can increase its plasma levels, leading to a higher risk of bradycardia and side effects. It may also interact with other blood pressure medications, antiarrhythmic drugs, and anesthetic agents, requiring careful monitoring. Patients should inform their doctor about all medications and supplements they are taking to avoid harmful interactions.

A: Nebivolol should be stored at a temperature not exceeding 30°C, in a dry place away from direct light and moisture, and kept out of reach of children. Patients should not exceed the prescribed dose, and missed doses should be taken as soon as remembered, unless it is close to the next scheduled dose. Abrupt discontinuation should be avoided, as it may lead to rebound hypertension or worsening of heart conditions. If an overdose occurs, leading to severe dizziness, fainting, or difficulty breathing, emergency medical assistance should be sought immediately.